Therapeutic Baths

Water has been used as a valuable therapeutic agent since time immemorial. In all major

ancient civilizations, bathing was considered an important measure for the maintenance of

health and prevention of disease. It was also valued for its remedial properties. The ancient

Vedic literature in India contains numerous references to the efficacy of water in the treatment of

disease.

In modern times, the therapeutic value of water was popularised by Vincent Priessnitz, Father

Sebastian Kneipp, Louis Kuhne and other European water-cure pioneers. They raised water

cure to an institutional level and employed it successfully for the treatment of almost every

known disease. There are numerous spas and "Bads" in most European countries where

therapeutic baths are used as a major healing agent.

Water exerts beneficial effects on the human system. It equalises circulation, boosts muscular

tone and aids digestion and nutrition.

 

It also tones up the activity of perspiratory gland and in the

process eliminates the damaged cells and toxic matter from the system.

The common water temperature chart is : cold 100C to 180C, neutral 320C to 360C and hot 400C

to 450C. Above 450C, water loses its therapeutic value and is destructive.

The main methods of water treatment which can be employed in the healing of various diseases

in a do-it-yourself manner are described below.

 

 

ENEMA

Also known as rectal irrigation, an enema involves the injection of fluid into the rectum. In nature

cure treatment, only lukewarm water is used for cleaning the bowels. The patient is made to lie

on his left side extending his left leg and bending the right leg slightly. The enema nozzle,

lubricated with oil or vaseline, is inserted in the rectum. The enema can containing the lukewarm

water is then slowly raised and water is allowed to enter into the rectum. Generally, one to two

litres of water is injected. The patient may either lie down on his back or walk a little while

retaining the water.. After five to 10 minutes, the water can be ejected along with the

accumulated morbid matter.

A warm water enema helps to clean the rectum of accumulated faecal matter. This is not only

the safest system for cleaning the bowels, but also improves the peristaltic movement of the

bowels and thereby relieves constipation.

 

A cold water enema is helpful in inflammatory

conditions of the colon, especially in cases of dysentery, diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis,

haemorrhoids and fever. A hot water enema is beneficial in relieving irritation due to

inflammation of the rectum and painfull haemorrhoids. It also benefits women in leucorrhoea.

 

COLD COMPRESS

This is a local application using a cloth which has been wrung out in cold water. The cloth should

be folded into a broad strip and dipped in cold water or ice water. The compress is generally

applied to the head,neck, chest, abdomen and back. The cold compress is an effective means of

controlling inflammatory conditions of the liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, intestines, lungs,

brain, pelvic organs and so on. It is also advantageous in cases of fever and heart disease. The

cold compress soothes dermities and inflammations of external portions of the eye. When the

eyeball is affected, the cold compress should follow a short fomentation.

 

HEATING COMPRESS

This is a cold compress covered in such a manner as to bring warmth. A heating compress

consists of three or four folds of linen cloth wrung out in cold water which is then covered

completely with dry flannel or blanket to prevent the circulation of air and help accumulation of

body heat. It is sometimes applied for several hours. The duration of the application is

 

determined by the extent and location of the surface involved, the nature and thickness of the

coverings and the water temperature. After removing the compress , the area should be rubbed

with a wet cloth and then dried with a towel. A heating compress can be applied to the throat,

chest, abdomen, and joints. A throat compress relieves sore throat, hoarseness, tonsillitis,

pharyngitis and laryngitis. An abdominal compress helps those suffering from gastritis,

hyperacidity, indigestion, jaundice, constipation, diarrhoea, dysentery and other ailments relating

to the abdominal organs. The chest compress also known as chest pack, relieves cold,

bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, fever, cough and so on, while the joints compress is helpful for

inflamed joints, rheumatism, rheumatic fever and sprains.

 

 

HIP BATHS

The hip bath is one of the most useful forms of hydrotherapy. As the name suggests, this mode

of treatment involves only the hips and the abdominal region below the navel. A special type of

tub is used for the purpose. The tub is filled with water in such a way that it covers the hips and

reaches upto the navel when the patient sits in it. Generally, four to six gallons of water are

required. If the special tub is not available, a common tub may be used. A support may be

placed under one edge to elevate it by two or three inches. Hip bath is given in cold, hot, neutral

or alternate temperatures.

 

 

COLD HIP BATH

The water temperature should be 100C to 180C. The duration of the bath is usually 10 minutes ,

but in specific conditions it may vary from one minute to 30 minutes. If the patient feels cold or is

very weak, a hot foot immersion should be given with the cold hip bath.

The patient should rub the abdomen briskly from the navel downwards and across the body with

a moderately coarse wet cloth. The legs, feet and upper part of the body should remain

completely dry during and after the bath. The patient should undertake moderate exercise like

yogasanas, after the cold hip bath, to warm the body.

A cold hip bath is a routine treatment in most diseases. It relieves constipation, indigestion,

obesity and helps the eliminative organs to function properly. It is also helpful in uterine

problems like irregular menstruation, chronic uterine infections, pelvic inflammation, piles,

hepatic congestion, chronic congestion of the prostate gland, seminal weakness, impotency,

sterility, uterine and ovarian displacements, dilation of the stomach and colon, diarrhoea,

dysentery, hemorrhage of the bladder and so on. The cold hip bath should not be employed in

acute inflammations of the pelvic and abdominal organs, ovaries and in painful contractions of

the bladder, rectum or vagina.

 

 

HOT HIP BATH

This bath is generally taken for eight to 10 minutes at a water temperature of 400C to 450C. The

bath should start at 400C. The temperature should be gradually increased to 450C. NO friction

should be applied to the abdomen. Before entering the tub,the patient should drink one glass of

cold water. A cold compress should be placed on the head. A hot hip bath helps to relieve

painful menstruation, pain in the pelvic organs, painful urination, inflamed rectum or bladder and

painful piles. It also benefits enlarged prostatic gland, painful contractions or spasm of the

bladder, sciatica, neuralgia of the ovaries and bladder. A cold shower bath should be taken

immediately after the hot hip bath.

Care should be taken to prevent the patient from catching a chill after the bath. The bath should

be terminated if the patient feels giddy or complains of excessive pain.

 

 

NEUTRAL HIP BATH

The temperature of the water should be 320C to 360C. Here too, friction to the abdomen should

be avoided. This bath is generally taken for 20 minutes to an hour. The neutral hip bath helps to

relieve all acute and sub-acute inflammatory conditions such as acute catarrh of the bladder and

urethra and subacute inflammations in the uterus, ovaries and tubes. It also relieves neuralgia of

the fallopian tubes or testicles, painful spasms of the vagina and prorates of the anus and vulva.

Besides, it is a sedative treatment for erotomanis in both sexes.

 

 

ALTERNATE HIP BATH

 

This is also known as revulsive hip bath. The temperature in the hot tub should be 400C to 450C

and in the cold tub 100C to 180C. The patient should alternately sit in the hot tub for five minutes

and then in the cold tub for three minutes. The duration of the bath is generally 10 to 20 minutes.

The head and neck should be kept cold with a cold compress. The treatment should end with a

dash of cold water to the hips.

This bath relieves chronic inflammatory conditions of the pelvic viscera such as salpingitis,

ovaritis, cellulitis and various neuralgias of the genito-urinary organs, sciatica and lumbago.

 

 

SPINAL BATH

The spinal bath is another important form of hydrotherapic treatment. This bath provides a

soothing effect to the spinal column and thereby influences the central nervous system. It is

given in a specially designed tub with its back raised so as to provide proper support to the

head. The bath can be administered at cold, neutral and hot temperatures. The water level in the

tub should be an inch and a half to two inches and the patient should lie in it for three to 10

minutes.

The cold spinal bath relieves irritation, fatigue, hypertension and excitement. It is beneficial in

almost all nervous disorders such as hysteria, fits, mental disorders, loss of memory and

tension. The neutral spinal bath is a soothing and sedative treatment, especially for the highly

strung and irritable patient. It is the ideal treatment for insomnia and also relieves tension of the

vertebral column. The duration of this bath is 20 to 30 minutes. The hot spinal bath, on the other

hand, helps to stimulate the nervous, especially when they are in a depressed state. It also

relieves vertebral pain in spondylitis and muscular backache. It relieves sciatic pain and

gastrointestinal disturbances of gastric origin.

 

 

FULL WET SHEET PACK

This is a procedure in which the whole body is wrapped in a wet sheet, which in turn is wrapped

in a dry blanket for regulating evaporation. The blanket should be spread on the bed with its

edges hanging over the edge of the bed. The upper end should be about eight inches from the

head of the bed. Then spread a linen sheet wrung out in cold water over the blanket so that its

end is slightly below the upper end of the blanket. The patient should lie on the bedsheet with his

shoulders about three inches below the upper age. The wet sheet should be weekly wrapped

round the body of the patient, drawn in, tightly tucked between the legs and also between the

body and the arms. The sheet should be folded over the shoulders and across the neck. Now

the blanket should be drawn tightly around the body and tucked in along the side in a similar

manner, pulling it tightly. The ends should be doubled up at the feet. A turkish towel should be

placed below the chin to protect the face and neck from coming into contact with the blanket and

to exclude outside air more effectively. The head should be covered with a wet cloth so that the

sculp remains cold. The feet should be kept warm during the entire treatment. If the patient's feet

are cold, place hot water bottles near them to hasten reaction. The pack is administered for half

an hour to one hour till the patient begins to perspire profusely. He may be given cold or hot

water to drink.

This pack is useful in cases of fever especially in typhoid and continued fevers, and benefits

those suffering from insomnia, epilepsy and infantile convulsions. It is useful in relieving chronic

cold and bronchitis and helps in the treatment of rheumatism and obesity.

 

 

HOT FOOT BATHS

In this method, the patient should keep his or her legs in a tub or bucket filled with hot water at a

temperature of 400C to 450C. Before taking this bath, a glass of water should be taken and the

body should be covered with a blanket so that no heat or vapour escapes from the foot bath.

The head should be protected with a cold compress. The duration of the bath is generally from 5

to 20 minutes. The patient should take a cold shower immediately after the bath.

The hot foot bath stimulates the involuntary muscles of the uterus, intestines, bladder and other

pelvic and abdominal organs. It also relieves sprains and ankle joint pains, headaches caused

by cerebral congestion and colds. In women, it helps restore menstruation , if suspended, by

increasing supply of blood especially to the uterus and ovaries.

 

 

COLD FOOT BATH

Three to four inches of cold water at a temperature of 7.20C to 12.70C should be placed in a

small tub or bucket.. The feet should be completely immersed in the water for one to five

minutes. Friction should be continuously applied to the feet during the bath, either by an

attendant or by the patient by rubbing one foot against the other.

A cold foot bath, taken for one or two minutes,relieves cerebral congestion and uterine

hemorrhage. It also helps in the treatment of sprains, strains and inflamed bunions when taken

for longer periods. It should not be taken in cases of inflammatory conditions of the

genito-urinary organs, liver and kidneys.

 

 

STEAM BATH

Steam bath is one of the most important time-tested water treatments which induces perspiration

in a most natural way. The patient, clad in minimum loin cloth or underwear, is made to sit on a

stool inside a specially designed cabinet. Before entering the cabinet, the patient should drink

one or two glasses of cold water and protect the head with a cold towel. The duration of the

steam bath is generally 10 to 20 minutes or until perspiration takes place. A cold shower should

be taken immediately after the bath.

Very weak patients, pregnant women, cardiac patients and those suffering from high blood

pressure should avoid this bath. If the patient feels giddy or uneasy during the steam bath, he or

she should be immediately taken out and given a glasss of cold water and the face washed with

cold water.

The steam bath helps to eliminate morbid matter from the surface of the skin. It also improves

circulation of the blood and tissue activity. It relieves rheumatism, gout, uric acid problems, and

obesity. The steam bath is helpful in all forms of chronic toxemias. It also relieves neuralgias,

chronic nephritis, infections, tetanus and migraine.

 

 

IMMERSION BATHS

This is also known as full bath. It is administered in a bath tub which should be properly fitted

with hot and cold water connections. The bath can be taken at cold, neutral, hot, graduated and

alternate temperatures.

 

 

COLD IMMERSION BATH

This may be taken for four seconds to 20 minutes at a temperature ranging from 100C to 23.80C.

Before entering the bath, cold water should be poured on the patient's head, chest and neck and

the head should be protected with a cold moist towel. During the bath, the patient should

vigorously rub his or her body. After the bath the body should be quickly dried and wrapped up in

a blanket. If the climate is favourable, moderate exercise should be undertaken.

This bath helps to bring down fever. It also improves the skin when taken for five to 15 seconds

after a prolonged hot bath, by exhilarating circulation and stimulating the nervous system.

This bath should not be given to young children or very elderly persons, nor be taken in cases of

acute inflammation of some internal organs such as acute peritonitis, gastritis, enteritis and

inflammatory conditions of uterus and ovaries.

 

 

GRADUATED BATH

The patient should enter the bath at a temperature of 310C. The water temperature should be

lowered gradually at the rate of 10C per minute until it reaches 250C. The bath should continue

until the patient starts shivering. The graduated bath is intended to avoid nervous shock by

sudden plunge into the cold water. This bath is often administered every three hours in cases of

fever.

It effectively brings down the temperature except in malarial fever. Besides, it also produces a

general tonic effect, increases vital resistances and energises the heart.

 

 

NEUTRAL IMMERSION BATH

This bath can be given from 15 to 60 minutes at a temperature ranging from 260C to 280C. It can

be given for long duration, without any ill-effects, as the water temperature is akin to the body

temperature. The neutral bath diminishes the pulse rate without modifying respiration.

This treatment is the best sedative. Since the neutral bath excites activity of both the skin and

the kidneys, it is recommended in cases relating to these organs. It is also beneficial for cases of

 

organic diseases of the brain and spinal cord, including chronic inflammatory conditions such as

meningitis, rheumatism and arthritis.

A neutral immersion bath taken for 30 to 60 minutes is highly beneficial in general dropsy, due to

cardiac or renal diseases. It also helps those suffering from multiple neuritis, alcoholism and

other narcotic habits, chronic diarrhoea, peritonitis and chronic affections of the abdomen. In

such cases the bath may be given daily for 15 to 30 minutes. This bath is also useful in the

toxemic conditions caused by dyspepsia and pruritus. The neutral bath should not be prescribed

in certain cases of eczema and other forms of skin diseases where water aggravates the

symptoms, nor in cases of extreme cardiac weakness.

HOT IMMERSION BATH

This bath can be taken from two to 15 minutes at a temperature from 36.60C to 400C. Generally

this bath is started at 370C and the temperature is then gradually raised to the required level by

adding hot water. Before entering the bath, the patient should drink cold water and also wet the

head, neck and shoulders with cold water. A cold compress should be applied throughout the

treatment. This bath can be advantageously employed in dropsy when there is excessive loss of

tone of the heart and blood. This bath also relieves capillary bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia

in children. It relieves congestation of the lungs and activates the blood vessels of the skin

muscles. The bath should be terminated as soon as the skin becomes red.

In pneumonia and suppressed menstruation, the bath should be administered at 37.70C to 400C

for about 30 to 45 minutes. This bath should be given when the menstruation is due and may be

repeated for two to three days in succession. In dysmenorrhoea, this bath should be given at

380C to 44.40C for 15 minutes.

 

 

In chronic bronchitis a very hot bath taken for 5 to 7 minutes should be accompanied with

rubbing and friction. This relieves congestion of the mucous membrane and provides immediate

relief After the bath, oil should be applied to the skin if necessary.

The hot bath is a valuable treatment in chronic rheumatism and obesity. It gives immediate relief

when there is pain due to stones in the gall bladder and the kidneys. The hot bath should not be

taken in cases of organic diseases of the brain or spinal cord, nor in cases of cardiac weakness

and cardiac hypertrophy.

 

 

EPSOM SALT BATH

The immersion bath tub should be filled with about 135 litres of hot water at 400C. One to 1 1/2

kg. of Epsom salt should be dissolved in this water. The patient should drink a glass of cold

water, cover the head with a cold towel and then lie down in the tub, completely immersing the

trunk, thighs and legs for 15 to 20 minutes. The best time to take this bath is just before retiring

to bed. This is useful in cases of sciatica, lumbago, rheumatism, diabetes, neuritis, cold and

catarrh, kidney disorders and other uric acid and skin affections.

Precaution

Certain precautions are necessary while taking these therapeutic baths. Full baths should be

avoided within three hours after a meal and one hour before it. Local baths like the hip bath and

foot bath may, however, be taken two hours after a meal. Clean and pure water must be used

for baths and water once used should not be used again. While taking baths, temperature and

duration should be strictly observed to obtain the desired effects. A thermometer should always

be used to measure the temperature of the body. Women should not take any of the baths

during menstruation.. They can take only hip baths during pregnancy till the completion of the

third month.